Behind the Scenes Videos

Key Points:

• If considering endocrinopathies, make sure to rule out brain metastases!
• Important labs: ACTH, TSH/T4, AM cortisol, prolactin
• Always involve an endocrinologist to help:
  • guide hormone supplementation
  • educate patients about stress dose steroids/ adrenal crisis prevention
• Steroids may prevent optic chiasm injury

Key Points:

• Risk factors:
  • history of chest radiation
  • baseline lung disease
• Pneumonitis is a clinical diagnosis, but high resolution CT is useful (bronchoscopy is rarely possible)
• Grading depends on volume of lung affected
• Treatment: high dose steroids +/- MMF or infliximab

Key Points:

• T cells are designed to self-regulate their own activity
• CLA-4 receptors dampen T-cell amplification (early)
• PD1 receptors help to terminate T cell activation (late)
• CTLA-4 and PD1 inhibitors prevent blunting of the immune system, allowing it to attack the cancer (and other cells too!)

Interested in learning more about checkpoint inhibitors and immune related adverse events (irAEs)?

• Explore our irAEs YouTube playlist: